King's College London

Researchers from the School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, in collaboration with University of Kent and Moorfields Eye Hospital, have received a £1.5M award from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), the research partner of the NHS, public health and social care, for their robotic system designed to deliver regenerative therapies to the human retina.

To deliver regenerative therapies such as stem cells to delicate retinal layers, some of which are as thin as 10-20 micrometers, surgeons currently use a hand-held needle which requires precision and visualisation beyond human capabilities.

The proposed snake-like robotic system will be equipped with force sensing and imaging capabilities to boost the performance of surgeons and fulfil the most challenging precision requirements.

These types of surgeries are for treating Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) which is a primary cause of sight loss in the UK and worldwide, accounting for over 34 percent of the healthcare costs attributed to sight loss.

The economic burden on NHS and the UK from AMD alone is more than £1billion. With vision restoration, costs relating to therapy, nursing and caring will be diminished by more than £350 million per annum.

The developed robot will work with any type of approved therapy, ensuring that they are delivered locally exactly as it was intended.

The researchers say they their system augments surgery by offering micrometer-range precision and information about interactions between tools and tissues. This way, the surgeon can know exactly the level of force that is being applied, and therefore not risk any damage to the sensitive tissue. This is currently impossible with manual surgery, as the applied forces are below what humans can feel.

Also to be developed will be the sensors to see through the retina directly from the robot’s tip with optical coherence tomography, a non-invasive imaging technology used to obtain high resolution cross-sectional images of the retina.

A semi-automated stabilisation system will aid when steady prolonged therapy delivery is required.

“Similar to a lane-following vehicle, the developed algorithms will allow the robot to maintain its targeting at predetermined locations in the retina and account for physiological patient motion. The plurality of sensors will allow for targeted safe delivery of regenerative therapies anywhere in the retina,” Dr Bergeles said.   

This project is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) i4i Call 21 A Stage 2. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.