Much of the world's rules have been set by Western countries. Until fairly recently, climate agreements, peace deals, and nuclear or financial meetings were held exclusively by nation-states, often those belonging to the OECD or G7. However, in recent years, new institutions have begun to challenge this global order. Initiatives such as IBSA, along with the hosting of major international events— in the case of Brazil this has included hosting the G20 and Climate summits—helped reshaping global governance.
On a sub-national level, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the absence of national-led policies to combat the virus led governors and mayors to take the lead in the response in Brazil. Similarly, in preparation for climate summits, cities have launched independent campaigns to influence environmental policies, with the Amazon Summit of Local Governments taking place as early as 2009.
During Brazil Week 2025, we will discuss the emergence of new institutional frameworks and leadership models. When traditional powers lean toward authoritarianism, can cities and the Global South take the lead in securing effective global governance?