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The Environmental (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin study: Video interviewing the twins at 30

E-Risk study team

06 September 2024

The Environmental (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin study aims to build knowledge around how environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of behaviours and physical and mental health problems from childhood through to adulthood. E-Risk began in 1998 when the twins were 5 years old, constructing a nationally representative cohort of 2232 same-sex twin children born in England and Wales in 1994-1995. Now the study is following up the twins at age 30 and in this blog the research team reflect on the plans for the study and how data collection has changed over the years.

Third decade of the E-Risk study

The E-Risk study has focused on three key developmental stages; the transitions to formal schooling (home visits at ages 5 and 7), secondary school (home visits at ages 10 and 12), and young adulthood (home visits at age 18). Through the years, we have collected data about many different topics, including mental health, cognition, obesity, asthma, school performance, criminal offending, violence, victimisation, neighbourhood conditions, the family environment, as well as biomarkers to investigate inflammation, genetic risk, and gene regulation. This has been possible due to generous funding from the UKRI Medical Research Council and many other funders.

In February 2024, the study entered its third decade, and we have already interviewed over 300 twins to explore how their adult lives are taking shape now they are 30 years of age. For the first time in the study’s history, we are interviewing the twins through online video calls, instead of visiting them in their homes. This has enabled greater possibilities for connection with twins who otherwise would be difficult to get hold of, however, in some instances it has provided a bit of a barrier in developing rapport within a short space of time. We are also collecting blood and buccal samples from the twins to explore how the stresses they have experienced in their lives may have impacted them biologically, including how fast or slowly their bodies are aging.

Additionally, we are asking them if they are willing for us to link to the vast array of data that is held about them by the NHS and government agencies. This linkage will be conducted by the UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration and held in their super-secure Trusted Research Environment. Linking our rich interview data with twins’ medical, educational, criminal, employment, taxation and geographical records will provide an invaluable opportunity to examine how negative and positive experiences across the first three decades of life can impact twins’ health, social behaviours, and prosperity as they prepare to enter mid-life.

Working with young people with lived experience

This phase also initiated a fantastic partnership with the McPin Foundation Young People’s Advisory Group, consisting of young people with lived experience of mental health issues. They have provided invaluable advice and assistance with various aspects of the study, including recruiting and training the researchers, helping us locate and recruit our twins, and developing new measures on happiness, purpose, goals, and concerns about the future. We are thrilled about continuing to work closely with them during the remainder of the project and excited that they will develop recommendations for what researchers should ask of the data we collect.

The E-Risk team is constantly growing, and we have 5 amazingly dedicated researchers who interview the twins. They come from a range of professional backgrounds, including healthcare practitioners that wanted to gain experience in data collection, as well as existing researchers that are passionate about reducing stigma around mental health.

Each twin’s life is so different, and there has been no ‘normal’ or ‘typical’ regarding living arrangements, career trajectories, relationship statuses or aspirations for the future.

The researchers have been moved by how fondly the twins recollected the home visits in their early years, and their dedication and openness to sharing their individual stories with us all these years later. Each twin’s life is so different, and there has been no ‘normal’ or ‘typical’ regarding living arrangements, career trajectories, relationship statuses or aspirations for the future. Some twins had such similar mannerisms it appeared as if the same person was being interviewed! In other cases, twins recalled the same situations or same person in completely different ways, highlighting the importance of individual differences.

E-Risk study team when the twins were aged 18
E-Risk study team when the twins were aged 18
E-Risk Study team when the twins were aged 30
E-Risk study team when the twins were aged 30

Looking to the future

Even though this phase of the E-Risk Study is still in its preliminary stages, the wealth of social, health, and biological data that has already been collected is immense and we are excited about how it will be used in the future by the research community. Speaking to people from all backgrounds and walks of life over such a long period of time will provide a comprehensive understanding of the link between our genes and environment and inform the development of interventions that support everyone to thrive. We can’t wait to hear more from our twins and to share this incredibly valuable resource with researchers around the world in 2027!

More information on the E-Risk Study

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