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Once-in-160,000 year comet explained

This week, a once-in-a-160,000 event is happening in our skies. Astronomers at King’s College London are explaining the science behind Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS), which is causing a stir among stargazers. Shyam Balaji, researcher in astroparticle physics and cosmology at King’s College London, discusses how you might be able to spot it.

Dr Shyam Balaji, researcher in astroparticle physics and cosmology at King’s College London, said: “Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) is currently approaching the inner solar system. This is a sun-skirting comet discovered by the ATLAS survey system.

 

The comet is expected to make its closest approach to the Sun (known as the perihelion) around January 13, 2025. However, as with all comets, its visibility and brightness can be unpredictable. Observers may have opportunities to spot it in the days around perihelion, depending on local conditions and the comet's behaviour.

 

 

Current orbital calculations indicate it will pass about 8.3 million miles (0.09 AU) from the Sun. This relatively close approach classifies it as a sun-skirting comet, though not close enough to be a true ‘sungrazer’.– Shyam Balaji, researcher in astroparticle physics and cosmology

“The comet's brightness will be influenced by its proximity to the Sun, which causes ice and frozen gases to sublimate, creating a coma and potentially a tail. While some predictions suggest it could become quite bright, comet brightness predictions are notoriously uncertain. Many comets end up being fainter than initially expected.

 

“Preliminary orbital calculations suggest this is likely a long-period comet, potentially taking thousands of years between solar system visits. However, precise orbital period calculations for newly discovered long-period comets can have significant uncertainty.

 

“Current predictions suggest the comet may be best observed from the Southern Hemisphere, though visibility conditions could change: in early January, look toward the eastern horizon before sunrise; after perihelion: try the western horizon after sunset.

 

“For observers in the Northern Hemisphere, including the UK, viewing conditions may be challenging due to the comet's position relative to the Sun. Visibility will depend heavily on local conditions and the comet's actual brightness. Observers should consult local astronomy resources for up-to-date viewing recommendations as the date approaches.”

 

Viewing Tips from Dr Balaji:

  • Find a location away from city lights
  • Consider using binoculars or a small telescope, as comets often appear dimmer than predicted
  • Use current astronomical software or websites to find the comet's latest position
  • Exercise caution when observing near sunrise or sunset
  • Check reliable astronomy websites for updated viewing information as the date approaches
Image of Dr Shyam Balaji
Dr Shyam Balaji

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Shyam  Balaji

Shyam Balaji

Postdoctoral Research Fellow

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